Demographic components, Process & Measures

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The word demog­ra­phy is derived from the Greek words ‘demos’ and ‘graphian’. The word ‘demos’ means the peo­ple and ‘graphian’ means sci­ence or study. So, the sci­en­tific study of the pop­u­la­tion in a cer­tain area is defined as demog­ra­phy. The word demog­ra­phy is firstly was used by Archille Guil­lard of Bel­gium in 1855 A.D. In another words, the demog­ra­phy refers to sci­en­tific study of pop­u­la­tion pri­mar­ily with respect to their size, struc­ture, dis­tri­b­u­tion and com­po­si­tion in the form of sta­tis­ti­cal and math­e­mat­i­cal order.

The impor­tance of the demog­ra­phy is listed below:

FORMULA: PSEAP

P for polit­i­cal advantages,

S for Social advantages,

E for Eco­nomic advantages,

A for Admin­is­tra­tive advantages,

P for plan­ning advangages.

Expla­na­tion:

a. Polit­i­cal advan­tages: The demog­ra­phy pro­vides the sources for count­ing the num­ber of the voter with their age and sex struc­ture. It also helps to know the growth rate vot­ers so that the politi­cians feel easy in group­ing and con­sti­tu­tion areas and man­ag­ing the elections.

b. Social advan­tages: The demog­ra­phy helps the peo­ple to attain their basic as well as extra need to lead hap­pier and health­ier life. It also pro­vides the ideas to set up the laws and rules in accor­dance with the pop­u­la­tion growth in the com­mu­nity for bet­ter secu­rity provisions.

c. Eco­nomic advan­tages: The demog­ra­phy assists to adopt the con­trol­ling mea­sures to cope up with the eco­nomic devel­op­ment rate. If the pop­u­la­tion growth and eco­nomic growth rate are not bal­anced, there will be the great poverty and famine in the coun­try. The demog­ra­phy helps to esti­mate the pop­u­la­tion den­sity and the per capita income.

d. Admin­is­tra­tive advan­tages: The demog­ra­phy is essen­tial for con­duc­tion the admin­is­tra­tive activ­i­ties. The admin­is­tra­tors will be failed or unable to set up the rules or to rule the nation in the absence of the demography.

e. Plan­ning advan­tages: The plan­ners feel easy to plan for the devel­op­ment. They are also use­ful for plan­ning & devel­op­ment of the stu­dent. The sources and tools are dis­trib­uted and man­aged for the proper devel­op­ment of the nation.

The three major com­po­nents of the demog­ra­phy are birth, death and migra­tion. They bring more changes in the pop­u­la­tion com­po­si­tion and dis­tri­b­u­tion. They are made pos­si­ble by the demo­graphic process of the fer­til­ity, mor­tal­ity and migra­tion. The changes in the size of the pop­u­la­tion are mea­sured through the fer­til­ity rate, mor­tal­ity rate and migra­tion rate.